Tree Seedling SaleOrder forms and payment are due to the Pickaway SWCD on February 12, 2020. You may use the form included in the newsletter or the form on the District website. Tentative order distribution date is set for Friday, April 3. A postcard or email will be sent to confirm exact pick up dates, location, and times.
These seedlings are 1-3 years old and average 6-18 inches in height. Seedlings are bare rootstock. They are dipped into a preservative gel to keep them moist, and then placed into a plastic bag. Each packet can be carried in one hand. Please send someone to pickup your seedlings if you are not able to come yourself. If the seedlings are not picked up on the specified date, the District can not be responsible for the condition of the seedlings. The District does not offer reimbursements for any trees that do not survive. Seedlings should be planted within 5 days after pick up and watered regularly to assure their vitality. |
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Tips for Success—Tree Planting Workshop
Join Athens SWCD's professional resource staff for an evening workshop on site specific tree selection, site preparation, seedling care, planting, and critical first year care! Prosperous seedling plantings are important and this workshop will give you the tips to help make your planting as successful as possible. Cost for the evening is $10, but at the conclusion of the night you will receive a tree sale voucher from Athens SWCD for $10! This workshop will be held on Thursday, February 6, 2020 at 6 p.m. at the Athens SWCD office, 69 South Plains Road, The Plains. (Location subject to change if registration numbers are significant.) Light refreshments will be available. Registration is required by February 3rd. Please contact Athens SWCD at 740-797-9686 or 800-582-8890 with any questions.
Join Athens SWCD's professional resource staff for an evening workshop on site specific tree selection, site preparation, seedling care, planting, and critical first year care! Prosperous seedling plantings are important and this workshop will give you the tips to help make your planting as successful as possible. Cost for the evening is $10, but at the conclusion of the night you will receive a tree sale voucher from Athens SWCD for $10! This workshop will be held on Thursday, February 6, 2020 at 6 p.m. at the Athens SWCD office, 69 South Plains Road, The Plains. (Location subject to change if registration numbers are significant.) Light refreshments will be available. Registration is required by February 3rd. Please contact Athens SWCD at 740-797-9686 or 800-582-8890 with any questions.
Plant descriptions from ODNR are listed below, but not all of these are sold in our tree sale each year. For a list of what is being offered in this year's sale and for pricing and numbers, please view the information listed on the forms above.
Tree & Shrub Descriptions
Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
Mature Height: 60'
Mature Spread: 30'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full to part sun
Soil Type: Deep, moist, rich, well-drained, variable pH
Black Cherry, a rapidly growing woodland tree common throughout all of Ohio, is often found in open fields and previously harvested forests. Its beautiful, fine-grained, orange-brown to mahogany-colored heartwood ranks second only to Black Walnut as the ultimate choice for making solid wood furniture, interior trim, and high-quality veneer. Its small fruits are relished by birds and mammals as a food source in late summer. This tree is named for its ripened black cherries as well as its black-gray, flaky mature bark, which looks like black cornflakes pasted on the trunk of the tree.
A native of eastern and midwestern North America, Black Cherry is a pioneer invader tree in open fields or woodlots, and as such can become a "woody weed" as an aggressive sapling. In youth, it displays a symmetrical, often pyramidal growth habit, but it often divides into several upright branches due to storm damage and assumes an irregular shape as it matures. Also known as Wild Black Cherry, this tree may grow to 60 feet tall by 30 feet wide (or larger) when it is found in an open field. As a member of the Rose Family, it also is related to orchard trees (Apples, Plums, Peaches, Apricots, Cherries, Pears, and Almonds) as well as to Strawberries, Roses, and Blackberries, among others.
Planting Requirements - Black Cherry quickly invades a variety of sites due to its prolific fruit production and the resulting distribution of its seeds by birds and mammals. It prefers deep, moist, rich, well-drained soils of variable pH under full sun to partial sun conditions, but tolerates relatively dry, poor soils as well, with a reduced growth rate. It grows in zones 3 to 9.
Potential Problems - Like many members of the Rose Family, Black Cherry is beset with pest problems (the most serious being tent caterpillars, borers, scales, and aphids), and also has some diseases (primarily leaf spot and trunk canker). Abundant seedlings may arise in recently disturbed open areas and along fencerows, creating a weedy thicket of saplings in just a few years. Occasional storm damage occurs to the upper branches of this fast-growing tree due to its relatively weak sapwood.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 60'
Mature Spread: 30'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full to part sun
Soil Type: Deep, moist, rich, well-drained, variable pH
Black Cherry, a rapidly growing woodland tree common throughout all of Ohio, is often found in open fields and previously harvested forests. Its beautiful, fine-grained, orange-brown to mahogany-colored heartwood ranks second only to Black Walnut as the ultimate choice for making solid wood furniture, interior trim, and high-quality veneer. Its small fruits are relished by birds and mammals as a food source in late summer. This tree is named for its ripened black cherries as well as its black-gray, flaky mature bark, which looks like black cornflakes pasted on the trunk of the tree.
A native of eastern and midwestern North America, Black Cherry is a pioneer invader tree in open fields or woodlots, and as such can become a "woody weed" as an aggressive sapling. In youth, it displays a symmetrical, often pyramidal growth habit, but it often divides into several upright branches due to storm damage and assumes an irregular shape as it matures. Also known as Wild Black Cherry, this tree may grow to 60 feet tall by 30 feet wide (or larger) when it is found in an open field. As a member of the Rose Family, it also is related to orchard trees (Apples, Plums, Peaches, Apricots, Cherries, Pears, and Almonds) as well as to Strawberries, Roses, and Blackberries, among others.
Planting Requirements - Black Cherry quickly invades a variety of sites due to its prolific fruit production and the resulting distribution of its seeds by birds and mammals. It prefers deep, moist, rich, well-drained soils of variable pH under full sun to partial sun conditions, but tolerates relatively dry, poor soils as well, with a reduced growth rate. It grows in zones 3 to 9.
Potential Problems - Like many members of the Rose Family, Black Cherry is beset with pest problems (the most serious being tent caterpillars, borers, scales, and aphids), and also has some diseases (primarily leaf spot and trunk canker). Abundant seedlings may arise in recently disturbed open areas and along fencerows, creating a weedy thicket of saplings in just a few years. Occasional storm damage occurs to the upper branches of this fast-growing tree due to its relatively weak sapwood.
[Additional Info Here]
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
Mature Height: 70'
Mature Spread: 70'
Growth Rate: Rapid
Sunlight: Full to part sun
Soil Type: Prefers deep, moist, rich, well-drained
Black Walnut, a rapidly growing tree common in all of Ohio, is most common in moist bottomlands and open fields, but is found everywhere due to squirrels burying its nuts.
Its beautiful, fine-grained, chocolate-brown, relatively lightweight heartwood is the ultimate choice for making solid wood furniture, interior trim, gunstocks, and high-quality veneer. The large nut contained beneath the husks of Black Walnut is round and can be cracked open to expose the bittersweet, oily, and highly nutritious kernel.
A native of the Eastern, Midwestern, and Great Plains regions of the United States, Black Walnut is a pioneer invader tree in open fields or cut-over woodlots, and grows rapidly in youth. It displays an irregular and open growth habit when young, dividing into several spreading branches that give it an upright rounded shape as it matures. Its bold winter texture makes it an outstanding tree to observe during the dormant season.
This tree may easily grow to 70 feet tall by 70 feet wide when it is found in the open. As a member of the Walnut Family, it is related to other Walnuts and to the Hickories.
Planting Requirements - Black Walnut prefers deep, moist, rich, well-drained soils under sunny conditions, especially the bottomlands of rivers and streams. It also tolerates relatively dry, poor soils, but with a significantly reduced growth rate. Seedlings and saplings are notorious for having a single, very deep taproot that makes transplanting difficult. Black Walnut grows in full sun to partial sun, and is found in zones 4 to 9.
Potential Problems - Aside from leaf spot, Black Walnut is virtually disease and pest free. However, it is famous for the production by its roots of juglone, a chemical that is toxic to some nearby competitor plants. In a woodland setting, very few plants grow under the canopy of this species. When summer drought occurs, the response of this tree is to begin dropping leaves, in spite of its deep taproot system. In an urban setting, a constant rain of leaflets, rachises, dead twigs, stain-laden whole fruits, and debris from squirrel feeding occurs from mid-summer until late autumn, presenting a constant clean-up chore and mowing hazard.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 70'
Mature Spread: 70'
Growth Rate: Rapid
Sunlight: Full to part sun
Soil Type: Prefers deep, moist, rich, well-drained
Black Walnut, a rapidly growing tree common in all of Ohio, is most common in moist bottomlands and open fields, but is found everywhere due to squirrels burying its nuts.
Its beautiful, fine-grained, chocolate-brown, relatively lightweight heartwood is the ultimate choice for making solid wood furniture, interior trim, gunstocks, and high-quality veneer. The large nut contained beneath the husks of Black Walnut is round and can be cracked open to expose the bittersweet, oily, and highly nutritious kernel.
A native of the Eastern, Midwestern, and Great Plains regions of the United States, Black Walnut is a pioneer invader tree in open fields or cut-over woodlots, and grows rapidly in youth. It displays an irregular and open growth habit when young, dividing into several spreading branches that give it an upright rounded shape as it matures. Its bold winter texture makes it an outstanding tree to observe during the dormant season.
This tree may easily grow to 70 feet tall by 70 feet wide when it is found in the open. As a member of the Walnut Family, it is related to other Walnuts and to the Hickories.
Planting Requirements - Black Walnut prefers deep, moist, rich, well-drained soils under sunny conditions, especially the bottomlands of rivers and streams. It also tolerates relatively dry, poor soils, but with a significantly reduced growth rate. Seedlings and saplings are notorious for having a single, very deep taproot that makes transplanting difficult. Black Walnut grows in full sun to partial sun, and is found in zones 4 to 9.
Potential Problems - Aside from leaf spot, Black Walnut is virtually disease and pest free. However, it is famous for the production by its roots of juglone, a chemical that is toxic to some nearby competitor plants. In a woodland setting, very few plants grow under the canopy of this species. When summer drought occurs, the response of this tree is to begin dropping leaves, in spite of its deep taproot system. In an urban setting, a constant rain of leaflets, rachises, dead twigs, stain-laden whole fruits, and debris from squirrel feeding occurs from mid-summer until late autumn, presenting a constant clean-up chore and mowing hazard.
[Additional Info Here]
Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra)
Mature Height: 60'
Mature Spread: 70'
Growth Rate: Rapid and vigorous
Sunlight: Full to part sun
Soil Type: Deep, moist, rich, well-drained
Red Oak is a major timber tree of the eastern and Midwestern United States. The tough, heavy wood of Red Oak has a reddish-orange coloration and is an important hardwood for the Ohio timber industry, involved in the production of beams, railroad ties, furniture, flooring, and other usages.
Along with Pin Oak, it is also one of the few Oaks that is an important shade tree in the landscape industry, noted for its brick-red autumn color and its rapid and vigorous growth rate. It is also known as Northern Red Oak (since there is also a Southern Red Oak of the southern United States) and may be found cited in older literature by its previous scientific name of Quercus borealis. Its large acorns mature earlier in the season than those of most other Oaks, thus providing a source of food by late summer and throughout autumn and winter for many forms of wildlife.
Reaching 60 feet tall by 70 feet wide when found in the open under urban landscape conditions, it may grow taller and more massive in the wild. As the flagship member of the Red Oak group and as a member of the Beech Family, it is related to the Beeches, Chestnuts, and other Oaks.
Planting Requirements - Red Oak prefers moist, deep, rich, well-drained soils of slightly acidic pH. It adapts readily to dry soils of acidic, neutral, or slightly alkaline pH (some specimens develop chlorosis in high pH soils). It thrives in full sun to partial sun (but is shade tolerant in youth) and is found in zones 3 to 7.
Potential Problems - Other than cosmetic blemishes on its dark green foliage due to minor insect feeding, Red Oak is basically problem-free, although it may on occasion be subject to the standard army of pests and pathogens that afflict the Oaks.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 60'
Mature Spread: 70'
Growth Rate: Rapid and vigorous
Sunlight: Full to part sun
Soil Type: Deep, moist, rich, well-drained
Red Oak is a major timber tree of the eastern and Midwestern United States. The tough, heavy wood of Red Oak has a reddish-orange coloration and is an important hardwood for the Ohio timber industry, involved in the production of beams, railroad ties, furniture, flooring, and other usages.
Along with Pin Oak, it is also one of the few Oaks that is an important shade tree in the landscape industry, noted for its brick-red autumn color and its rapid and vigorous growth rate. It is also known as Northern Red Oak (since there is also a Southern Red Oak of the southern United States) and may be found cited in older literature by its previous scientific name of Quercus borealis. Its large acorns mature earlier in the season than those of most other Oaks, thus providing a source of food by late summer and throughout autumn and winter for many forms of wildlife.
Reaching 60 feet tall by 70 feet wide when found in the open under urban landscape conditions, it may grow taller and more massive in the wild. As the flagship member of the Red Oak group and as a member of the Beech Family, it is related to the Beeches, Chestnuts, and other Oaks.
Planting Requirements - Red Oak prefers moist, deep, rich, well-drained soils of slightly acidic pH. It adapts readily to dry soils of acidic, neutral, or slightly alkaline pH (some specimens develop chlorosis in high pH soils). It thrives in full sun to partial sun (but is shade tolerant in youth) and is found in zones 3 to 7.
Potential Problems - Other than cosmetic blemishes on its dark green foliage due to minor insect feeding, Red Oak is basically problem-free, although it may on occasion be subject to the standard army of pests and pathogens that afflict the Oaks.
[Additional Info Here]
Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)
Mature Height: 80'
Mature Spread: 40'
Growth Rate: Slow
Sunlight: Full to part sun
Soil Type: Deep, moderately deep, even moisture, good drainage
Sugar Maple is a favorite shade tree with reliable fall color, found in the forests and meadows throughout all of Ohio, but flourishing in the cooler climates and more acidic soils of northeastern Ohio and Appalachia. It is valued for its hard, dense, fine-grained and difficult-to-split wood, which is utilized for floors, furniture, veneer, musical instruments, and railroad ties.
The hardness of the wood gives it the alternative common name of Rock Maple. Native Americans invented the process of maple sap collection and its distillation into maple sugar and maple syrup. A native of southern Canada, the greater Midwest, and the Northeastern United States, trees found in the open may easily grow to 80 feet tall by 40 feet wide. As a member of the Maple Family, it is related to all other species of Maple.
Planting Requirements - Sugar Maple thrives when it is planted or transplanted into rich, moderately deep soils having even moisture coupled with good drainage. While it prefers acidic soils, it adapts readily to those of neutral or alkaline pH. Clay soils cause it to struggle more in terms of root penetration to tap into deep soil moisture in times of drought. The key to the preservation of established Sugar Maples is to not disturb the roots by extensive digging, or compact the soil above them with heavy equipment or vehicles, or a serious decline in tree health will likely occur. Sugar Maple adapts to shady conditions in its youth, but must eventually grow in full sun to partial sun, and is found in zones 4 to 8.
Potential Problems - Sugar Maple does not perform nearly as well in the southern limits of its range (zones 7 and 8), where the heat, humidity, and drought of summer take their toll. More commonly, encroachment of construction traffic and the associated soil compaction, soil grade change, root disturbance, and various pollutions associated with housing construction and subsequent urban conditions do not favor established Sugar Maples, and they often respond with a rapid decline or death when their forest is converted into a subdivision. Sugar Maple also does not like being transplanted into heavy clay soils or to long periods of drought in summer. Verticillium wilt is an occasional disease primarily occurring in wet springs, and leaf scorch is a perennial problem when drought occurs.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 80'
Mature Spread: 40'
Growth Rate: Slow
Sunlight: Full to part sun
Soil Type: Deep, moderately deep, even moisture, good drainage
Sugar Maple is a favorite shade tree with reliable fall color, found in the forests and meadows throughout all of Ohio, but flourishing in the cooler climates and more acidic soils of northeastern Ohio and Appalachia. It is valued for its hard, dense, fine-grained and difficult-to-split wood, which is utilized for floors, furniture, veneer, musical instruments, and railroad ties.
The hardness of the wood gives it the alternative common name of Rock Maple. Native Americans invented the process of maple sap collection and its distillation into maple sugar and maple syrup. A native of southern Canada, the greater Midwest, and the Northeastern United States, trees found in the open may easily grow to 80 feet tall by 40 feet wide. As a member of the Maple Family, it is related to all other species of Maple.
Planting Requirements - Sugar Maple thrives when it is planted or transplanted into rich, moderately deep soils having even moisture coupled with good drainage. While it prefers acidic soils, it adapts readily to those of neutral or alkaline pH. Clay soils cause it to struggle more in terms of root penetration to tap into deep soil moisture in times of drought. The key to the preservation of established Sugar Maples is to not disturb the roots by extensive digging, or compact the soil above them with heavy equipment or vehicles, or a serious decline in tree health will likely occur. Sugar Maple adapts to shady conditions in its youth, but must eventually grow in full sun to partial sun, and is found in zones 4 to 8.
Potential Problems - Sugar Maple does not perform nearly as well in the southern limits of its range (zones 7 and 8), where the heat, humidity, and drought of summer take their toll. More commonly, encroachment of construction traffic and the associated soil compaction, soil grade change, root disturbance, and various pollutions associated with housing construction and subsequent urban conditions do not favor established Sugar Maples, and they often respond with a rapid decline or death when their forest is converted into a subdivision. Sugar Maple also does not like being transplanted into heavy clay soils or to long periods of drought in summer. Verticillium wilt is an occasional disease primarily occurring in wet springs, and leaf scorch is a perennial problem when drought occurs.
[Additional Info Here]
White Oak (Quercus alba)
Mature Height: 70'
Mature Spread: 70'
Growth Rate: Slow to medium
Sunlight: Full
Soil Type: Well-drained, acidic
White Oak, native to the entire eastern half of the United States, is found throughout all of Ohio, in habitats ranging from dry forests and fields to mesic woodlands and down slopes. Like many members of the White Oak group, the undersides of its leaves are white-green, and its wood is a light-colored beige that is almost white when freshly cut; hence its common name.
It is the most important timber tree of the White Oak group and in fact one of the most important hardwoods, with its hard, heavy, tough wood used as lumber for beams, railroad ties, flooring, barrels, furniture, and many other uses.
Its canopy is more spreading that most other trees in closely-packed mature forests or in open fields, and its fall color is often reddish-brown to reddish-purple, one of the best Oaks in this regard. White Oak acorns are relatively large and often borne in great abundance. It may reach 80 feet tall by 100 feet wide at maturity, when found in the open. As the flagship member of the White Oak group and as a member of the Beech Family, it is related to the Beeches, Chestnuts, and other Oaks.
Planting Requirements - White Oak prefers rich, deep, moist, well-drained, acidic soils, but adapts well to dry and average soils that are neutral to slightly alkaline in pH. It thrives in full sun to partial sun but is shade tolerant in youth and is found in zones 4 to 9.
Potential Problems - White Oak is generally a healthy and long-lived oak, with regular but minor cosmetic damage to its leaves and twigs due to chewing insects and pathogens.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 70'
Mature Spread: 70'
Growth Rate: Slow to medium
Sunlight: Full
Soil Type: Well-drained, acidic
White Oak, native to the entire eastern half of the United States, is found throughout all of Ohio, in habitats ranging from dry forests and fields to mesic woodlands and down slopes. Like many members of the White Oak group, the undersides of its leaves are white-green, and its wood is a light-colored beige that is almost white when freshly cut; hence its common name.
It is the most important timber tree of the White Oak group and in fact one of the most important hardwoods, with its hard, heavy, tough wood used as lumber for beams, railroad ties, flooring, barrels, furniture, and many other uses.
Its canopy is more spreading that most other trees in closely-packed mature forests or in open fields, and its fall color is often reddish-brown to reddish-purple, one of the best Oaks in this regard. White Oak acorns are relatively large and often borne in great abundance. It may reach 80 feet tall by 100 feet wide at maturity, when found in the open. As the flagship member of the White Oak group and as a member of the Beech Family, it is related to the Beeches, Chestnuts, and other Oaks.
Planting Requirements - White Oak prefers rich, deep, moist, well-drained, acidic soils, but adapts well to dry and average soils that are neutral to slightly alkaline in pH. It thrives in full sun to partial sun but is shade tolerant in youth and is found in zones 4 to 9.
Potential Problems - White Oak is generally a healthy and long-lived oak, with regular but minor cosmetic damage to its leaves and twigs due to chewing insects and pathogens.
[Additional Info Here]
Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)
Mature Height: 60'
Mature Spread: 25'
Growth Rate: Rapid
Sunlight: Full sun/part shade
Soil Type: Prefers moist to wet
Baldcypress, a deciduous conifer (like the Larches), is native to wet areas of the lower and middle Mississippi Valley drainage basin, the south Atlantic and Gulf Coastal states, and especially Florida. Its northernmost native range is the extreme southern tips of Indiana and Illinois, but this tree is extensively planted in dry areas throughout the Eastern United States as an ornamental tree, including Ohio. Its pyramidal to spire-like growth is formal in youth, becoming more columnar and open with great age. This is the tree from which cypress mulch is made, and the source trees (especially in Florida) are being rapidly depleted.
As a deciduous conifer, the leaves of Baldcypress drop off in autumn, and its cones are round balls that release their seeds in autumn and winter. Trees in Ohio may reach 80 feet tall by 30 feet wide when found in the open. As a member of the Baldcypress Family, it is also related to Dawn Redwood and Giant Redwood. The outline of young Baldcypress ranges from strongly pyramidal to upright oval, and in winter one can see the multitude of horizontal branches that make up the canopy. Older trees retain the broad columnar outline.
Planting Requirements - Baldcypress actually prefers moist, acidic, sandy loam soils with moderately good drainage, but is often found in flooded situations or at the edge of bodies of water, with some or all of its roots submerged in water. It adapts readily to moist and well- drained soils, or even dry soils of rich, poor, or average composition, and can be completely "land-locked" with no ill effects. It thrives in full sun to partial sun, and is found in zones 4 to 11.
BaldcypressPotential Problems - Baldcypress has several diseases and pests that can cause problems, but these do not usually occur. Chlorosis can be a problem in high pH soils; otherwise, this is a trouble-free species.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 60'
Mature Spread: 25'
Growth Rate: Rapid
Sunlight: Full sun/part shade
Soil Type: Prefers moist to wet
Baldcypress, a deciduous conifer (like the Larches), is native to wet areas of the lower and middle Mississippi Valley drainage basin, the south Atlantic and Gulf Coastal states, and especially Florida. Its northernmost native range is the extreme southern tips of Indiana and Illinois, but this tree is extensively planted in dry areas throughout the Eastern United States as an ornamental tree, including Ohio. Its pyramidal to spire-like growth is formal in youth, becoming more columnar and open with great age. This is the tree from which cypress mulch is made, and the source trees (especially in Florida) are being rapidly depleted.
As a deciduous conifer, the leaves of Baldcypress drop off in autumn, and its cones are round balls that release their seeds in autumn and winter. Trees in Ohio may reach 80 feet tall by 30 feet wide when found in the open. As a member of the Baldcypress Family, it is also related to Dawn Redwood and Giant Redwood. The outline of young Baldcypress ranges from strongly pyramidal to upright oval, and in winter one can see the multitude of horizontal branches that make up the canopy. Older trees retain the broad columnar outline.
Planting Requirements - Baldcypress actually prefers moist, acidic, sandy loam soils with moderately good drainage, but is often found in flooded situations or at the edge of bodies of water, with some or all of its roots submerged in water. It adapts readily to moist and well- drained soils, or even dry soils of rich, poor, or average composition, and can be completely "land-locked" with no ill effects. It thrives in full sun to partial sun, and is found in zones 4 to 11.
BaldcypressPotential Problems - Baldcypress has several diseases and pests that can cause problems, but these do not usually occur. Chlorosis can be a problem in high pH soils; otherwise, this is a trouble-free species.
[Additional Info Here]
Colorado Blue Spruce (Picea pungens var. glauca)
Mature Height: 50'
Mature Spread: 25'
Growth Rate: Slow to medium
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil Type: Moist, acidic
Colorado Spruce, native to regions of the Rocky Mountains in the western and southwestern United States, is planted throughout the United States and Canada as an ornamental evergreen, including all of Ohio. Although it is commonly seen in forms that display blue or blue-silver needles, green-needled forms also exist. Many selections have been made for both foliage color and growth habit, the latter of which may be dwarf, weeping, broad, columnar, or formally pyramidal into maturity. Tree forms are not usually limbed up, but allowed to branch to the ground throughout their life. Most trees may easily reach 50 feet tall by 25 feet wide at the base, although in the wild much taller specimens are commonly reached. Perhaps no other evergreen tree is as cherished for home landscapes as Blue Spruce, its more common name in the nursery industry. As a member of the Pine Family, it is related to other Spruces, as well as the Firs, Larches, Pines, and Hemlocks.
Planting Requirements - prefers moist, acidic soils that may be organic, sandy, or loamy; the soils must not be poorly drained or wet. It is also adaptable to a variety of less than favorable conditions, including poor, clay, rocky, dry soils of acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH. It survives under seasonal drought once it is established, and takes well to city pollution. It grows in full sun to partial sun in zones 3 to 7.
Potential Problems - In recent years, several diseases of Colorado spruce and its cultivated varieties have had a serious impact on this tree where it has been planted in Ohio. Soil and climate conditions in Ohio are very different from the native range of Colorado spruce in western North America. The greater rainfall and humidity relative to its native range makes Colorado spruce very susceptible to fungal diseases like Rhizosphaera and Stigmina needlecasts and Cytospora and Phomopsis canker, which lead to needle discoloration, progressive branch dieback from the lower branches upwards, and eventually tree death. For these reasons, planting of Colorado spruce is not recommended in Ohio, and trees better suited to growing in Ohio’s environment should be considered instead.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 50'
Mature Spread: 25'
Growth Rate: Slow to medium
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil Type: Moist, acidic
Colorado Spruce, native to regions of the Rocky Mountains in the western and southwestern United States, is planted throughout the United States and Canada as an ornamental evergreen, including all of Ohio. Although it is commonly seen in forms that display blue or blue-silver needles, green-needled forms also exist. Many selections have been made for both foliage color and growth habit, the latter of which may be dwarf, weeping, broad, columnar, or formally pyramidal into maturity. Tree forms are not usually limbed up, but allowed to branch to the ground throughout their life. Most trees may easily reach 50 feet tall by 25 feet wide at the base, although in the wild much taller specimens are commonly reached. Perhaps no other evergreen tree is as cherished for home landscapes as Blue Spruce, its more common name in the nursery industry. As a member of the Pine Family, it is related to other Spruces, as well as the Firs, Larches, Pines, and Hemlocks.
Planting Requirements - prefers moist, acidic soils that may be organic, sandy, or loamy; the soils must not be poorly drained or wet. It is also adaptable to a variety of less than favorable conditions, including poor, clay, rocky, dry soils of acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH. It survives under seasonal drought once it is established, and takes well to city pollution. It grows in full sun to partial sun in zones 3 to 7.
Potential Problems - In recent years, several diseases of Colorado spruce and its cultivated varieties have had a serious impact on this tree where it has been planted in Ohio. Soil and climate conditions in Ohio are very different from the native range of Colorado spruce in western North America. The greater rainfall and humidity relative to its native range makes Colorado spruce very susceptible to fungal diseases like Rhizosphaera and Stigmina needlecasts and Cytospora and Phomopsis canker, which lead to needle discoloration, progressive branch dieback from the lower branches upwards, and eventually tree death. For these reasons, planting of Colorado spruce is not recommended in Ohio, and trees better suited to growing in Ohio’s environment should be considered instead.
[Additional Info Here]
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Mature Height: 80'
Mature Spread: 40'
Growth Rate: Rapid
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil Type: Moist, rich, well-drained, acidic
White Pine, an evergreen conifer, is widely distributed throughout eastern North America including all of Ohio. It was originally confined to Appalachia, New England, and southern Canada at the time of European settlement and occurred primarily in northeastern Ohio.
Today, it is logged for the production of lumber, creosote-soaked telephone poles, and as pulp for the production of paper. White Pine is commonly transplanted today as a landscape evergreen tree and is also sold as a cut Christmas tree. Also known as Eastern White Pine, this towering evergreen easily grows to 80 feet tall by 40 feet wide or larger under optimum conditions, with a rapid growth rate. Its shape is upright pyramidal when young but becomes irregular with maturity.
The very straight trunk of White Pine is punctuated by a whorl of lateral branches every one to two feet, and from this sequential arrangement, a close approximation of the age of the tree can be determined. Simply count the number of whorls from bottom to top. As a member of the Pine Family, it is related to other Pines as well as the Firs, Larches, Spruces, and Hemlocks.
Planting Requirements - White Pine performs best in evenly moist, rich, well-drained, acidic soils in full sun. It is often intolerant of soils that are alkaline in pH and poorly drained; therefore, the heavy clay soils of much of central and western Ohio cause it to struggle in parts of this region, while it often thrives in eastern Ohio. Its rapid growth rate allows for a quick result in terms of a harvestable timber tree, a mature landscape tree, or as a cut Christmas tree. It grows in zones 3 to 8.
Potential Problems - In spite of thriving in many natural settings, White Pine is very susceptible in urban settings to alkaline soil pH causing chlorosis, (resulting in yellowing of the needles and stunting of growth), winter salt spray, air pollution, compacted clay soils, and poor water drainage.
Young transplants and saplings are also subject to deer and rabbit browsing in any setting. White Pine suffers from white pine blister rust, a fungus that attacks the inner bark. This primary disease can be controlled by removing all gooseberry and alpine currant shrubs within a quarter mile of the tree, since they serve as alternate hosts. White Pine is also attacked by the white pine weevil, which bores into the terminal shoots and distorts the growth of the upper canopy. This primary pest may severely impact mass plantings, such as those that occur in pure forests stands, nursery plantations, and Christmas tree farms.
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Mature Height: 80'
Mature Spread: 40'
Growth Rate: Rapid
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil Type: Moist, rich, well-drained, acidic
White Pine, an evergreen conifer, is widely distributed throughout eastern North America including all of Ohio. It was originally confined to Appalachia, New England, and southern Canada at the time of European settlement and occurred primarily in northeastern Ohio.
Today, it is logged for the production of lumber, creosote-soaked telephone poles, and as pulp for the production of paper. White Pine is commonly transplanted today as a landscape evergreen tree and is also sold as a cut Christmas tree. Also known as Eastern White Pine, this towering evergreen easily grows to 80 feet tall by 40 feet wide or larger under optimum conditions, with a rapid growth rate. Its shape is upright pyramidal when young but becomes irregular with maturity.
The very straight trunk of White Pine is punctuated by a whorl of lateral branches every one to two feet, and from this sequential arrangement, a close approximation of the age of the tree can be determined. Simply count the number of whorls from bottom to top. As a member of the Pine Family, it is related to other Pines as well as the Firs, Larches, Spruces, and Hemlocks.
Planting Requirements - White Pine performs best in evenly moist, rich, well-drained, acidic soils in full sun. It is often intolerant of soils that are alkaline in pH and poorly drained; therefore, the heavy clay soils of much of central and western Ohio cause it to struggle in parts of this region, while it often thrives in eastern Ohio. Its rapid growth rate allows for a quick result in terms of a harvestable timber tree, a mature landscape tree, or as a cut Christmas tree. It grows in zones 3 to 8.
Potential Problems - In spite of thriving in many natural settings, White Pine is very susceptible in urban settings to alkaline soil pH causing chlorosis, (resulting in yellowing of the needles and stunting of growth), winter salt spray, air pollution, compacted clay soils, and poor water drainage.
Young transplants and saplings are also subject to deer and rabbit browsing in any setting. White Pine suffers from white pine blister rust, a fungus that attacks the inner bark. This primary disease can be controlled by removing all gooseberry and alpine currant shrubs within a quarter mile of the tree, since they serve as alternate hosts. White Pine is also attacked by the white pine weevil, which bores into the terminal shoots and distorts the growth of the upper canopy. This primary pest may severely impact mass plantings, such as those that occur in pure forests stands, nursery plantations, and Christmas tree farms.
[Additional Info Here]
Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
Mature Height: 80'
Mature Spread: 40'
Growth Rate: Medium to rapid
Sunlight: Full to part sun
Soil Type: Moist, well-drained, acidic
Norway Spruce, an evergreen conifer, is found throughout all of Ohio and much of the United States and Canada as perhaps the most common spruce, rivaled only by Colorado Spruce. It is found as an ornamental tree in urban environments, a windbreak and snowbreak in both urban and rural areas, and occasionally in pure stands for future harvest in forests. It is native to central and northern Europe including Norway, for which it is named, and prefers moist, cool climates.
Norway Spruce quickly reaches 80 feet in height by 40 feet in spread with its medium to rapid growth rate, and adapts to a variety of harsh soil and sparse moisture conditions. It is so common, widespread, vigorous, and healthy that most people do not realize that it is not a native of North America, in spite of its common name.
A distinctive trait of Norway Spruce is the strong central leader, horizontal side branches, and vertically pendulous branchlets. As a member of the Pine Family, it is related to other Spruces, as well as the Firs, Larches, Pines, and Hemlocks.
Planting Requirements - Norway Spruce prefers moist but well-drained, acidic soils that may be organic, sandy, or loamy. However, it is perhaps the most adaptable common evergreen tree to harsh conditions, including poor, clay, rocky, dry soils of acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH. It thrives under seasonal drought once it is established, and takes well to city pollution. Its only requirement is to not be sited in wet soils, where it will quickly die. It grows in full sun to partial sun in zones 3 to 7.
Potential Problems - Norway Spruce is generally a very healthy tree, even under harsh conditions. Like most spruces, it may suffer needle damage due to feeding by the various spider mites and mysteriously shaped "cones" that are rarely seen are actually caused by the chewing of cooley spruce gall aphids on the new growth, resulting in their deformity. It is especially drought tolerant, including young transplants that have been root pruned into ball and burlap form.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 80'
Mature Spread: 40'
Growth Rate: Medium to rapid
Sunlight: Full to part sun
Soil Type: Moist, well-drained, acidic
Norway Spruce, an evergreen conifer, is found throughout all of Ohio and much of the United States and Canada as perhaps the most common spruce, rivaled only by Colorado Spruce. It is found as an ornamental tree in urban environments, a windbreak and snowbreak in both urban and rural areas, and occasionally in pure stands for future harvest in forests. It is native to central and northern Europe including Norway, for which it is named, and prefers moist, cool climates.
Norway Spruce quickly reaches 80 feet in height by 40 feet in spread with its medium to rapid growth rate, and adapts to a variety of harsh soil and sparse moisture conditions. It is so common, widespread, vigorous, and healthy that most people do not realize that it is not a native of North America, in spite of its common name.
A distinctive trait of Norway Spruce is the strong central leader, horizontal side branches, and vertically pendulous branchlets. As a member of the Pine Family, it is related to other Spruces, as well as the Firs, Larches, Pines, and Hemlocks.
Planting Requirements - Norway Spruce prefers moist but well-drained, acidic soils that may be organic, sandy, or loamy. However, it is perhaps the most adaptable common evergreen tree to harsh conditions, including poor, clay, rocky, dry soils of acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH. It thrives under seasonal drought once it is established, and takes well to city pollution. Its only requirement is to not be sited in wet soils, where it will quickly die. It grows in full sun to partial sun in zones 3 to 7.
Potential Problems - Norway Spruce is generally a very healthy tree, even under harsh conditions. Like most spruces, it may suffer needle damage due to feeding by the various spider mites and mysteriously shaped "cones" that are rarely seen are actually caused by the chewing of cooley spruce gall aphids on the new growth, resulting in their deformity. It is especially drought tolerant, including young transplants that have been root pruned into ball and burlap form.
[Additional Info Here]
Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris)
Mature Height: 50'
Mature Spread: 30'
Growth Rate: Medium to slow
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil Type: Well-drained
Scotch Pine, an evergreen conifer, is native to northern Europe and northern Asia, from Scotland to Siberia. It has been widely planted and naturalized throughout northeast and midwest North America for centuries. It is commonly found in Ohio, where it is grown in urban areas as an ornamental evergreen tree, in rural areas of poor soil as a tree for erosion control or for primary establishment, or on Christmas tree plantations. It is logged at maturity in Europe as an important timber tree and cut in youth in America as one of the most popular Christmas trees.
Also known as Scots Pine in reference to Scotland of Great Britain, this pine has a crooked or twisted trunk that may split into several widely divergent branches at maturity, thus forming a picturesque crown of gnarled branches. Frequently leaning with age, it may grow to 50 feet tall by 30 feet wide when found in the open, with a medium growth rate in youth and slow growth rate with age. Its shape is more or less upright pyramidal when young, but quickly becomes irregular and contorted, as if twisted by the wind. As a member of the Pine Family, it is related to other Pines as well as the Firs, Larches, Spruces, and Hemlocks.
Planting Requirements - Scotch Pine does best in well-drained soils of acidic pH, but is known for its tolerance of poor soils that may be sandy, rocky, or of heavy clay, and of acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH. It thrives on neglect in full sun, and tolerates prolonged drought. It grows in zones 3 to 7.
Potential Problems - Scotch Pine is less susceptible than Austrian Pine to Diplodia tip blight, but still contracts this disease with fatal results. In addition, it also is vulnerable to pine wilt fungus and the pests known as nematodes. However, this pine is very tough in its adaptation to environmental stresses, including heat, drought, severe cold, and sterile soils.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 50'
Mature Spread: 30'
Growth Rate: Medium to slow
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil Type: Well-drained
Scotch Pine, an evergreen conifer, is native to northern Europe and northern Asia, from Scotland to Siberia. It has been widely planted and naturalized throughout northeast and midwest North America for centuries. It is commonly found in Ohio, where it is grown in urban areas as an ornamental evergreen tree, in rural areas of poor soil as a tree for erosion control or for primary establishment, or on Christmas tree plantations. It is logged at maturity in Europe as an important timber tree and cut in youth in America as one of the most popular Christmas trees.
Also known as Scots Pine in reference to Scotland of Great Britain, this pine has a crooked or twisted trunk that may split into several widely divergent branches at maturity, thus forming a picturesque crown of gnarled branches. Frequently leaning with age, it may grow to 50 feet tall by 30 feet wide when found in the open, with a medium growth rate in youth and slow growth rate with age. Its shape is more or less upright pyramidal when young, but quickly becomes irregular and contorted, as if twisted by the wind. As a member of the Pine Family, it is related to other Pines as well as the Firs, Larches, Spruces, and Hemlocks.
Planting Requirements - Scotch Pine does best in well-drained soils of acidic pH, but is known for its tolerance of poor soils that may be sandy, rocky, or of heavy clay, and of acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH. It thrives on neglect in full sun, and tolerates prolonged drought. It grows in zones 3 to 7.
Potential Problems - Scotch Pine is less susceptible than Austrian Pine to Diplodia tip blight, but still contracts this disease with fatal results. In addition, it also is vulnerable to pine wilt fungus and the pests known as nematodes. However, this pine is very tough in its adaptation to environmental stresses, including heat, drought, severe cold, and sterile soils.
[Additional Info Here]
Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana)
Mature Height: 30'
Mature Spread: 15'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full to part sun
Soil Type: Adaptable
Eastern Redcedar is found throughout the Eastern United States, although in Ohio it predominates in the warmer southwestern quarter of the state where soils are more alkaline (or calcareous). It is the most common evergreen conifer found throughout the entire state, and it is valuable as a large shrub or small tree that will thrive where few other woody plants will grow. It is a pioneer invader of forests that have been clear-cut, fields that have been scraped of topsoil, lands that have been strip-mined, and gorges that have been filled with clay and rocks. It serves as an excellent windbreak and erosion control shrub in nature, and is often seen as one of the large evergreens in old cemeteries.
While also known as Cedar or Redcedar, this species is actually a type of Juniper, reaching a height of 30 feet and width of 15 feet when found in the open, although it is spire-like in youth. Its aromatic heartwood is lavendar-red in color, and is prized for making cedar chests, closet wood lining, cedar shavings, small carvings, pencils, and non-rotting fence posts. As a member of the Cypress Family, it is related to Arborvitae and False Cypress, and is representative of the many types of landscape Junipers it is closely related to that are upright shrubs, spreading shrubs, and groundcovers.
Planting Requirements - Eastern Redcedar tolerates just about any type of soil (fertile, sterile, clay, sandy, thin, or rocky) and non-wet moisture condition (very dry, dry, or moist but well-drained) and adapts well to neutral or acidic soils. It thrives and out-competes most other woody plants in rocky, alkaline, dry soils, especially in full sun to partial sun conditions with minimal soil fertility. It thrives on neglect, and is a good "cover crop" for recently cleared ground, helping to minimize long-term erosion on barren hillsides with its quick establishment under harsh conditions. It can also thrive in the smog, reflected light, and intense heat found in large cities. It grows in full sun to partial sun, and is found in zones 4 to 9.
Potential Problems - Eastern Redcedar, as a native tree, tends to be more healthy than most of the non-native landscape Junipers, but is occasionally susceptible to mites, midges, redcedar bark beetle, and especially bagworm. Tip dieback will occasionally be seen in severe drought summers, when the entire top may die due to lack of water (most commonly seen near rock outcrops). By far the most common pathogens seen on Redcedar are the rusts, where contorted brown and orange structures emerge from the foliage and may be mistaken for "strange fruits". While harmless to Redcedar, the rust spores that are released will invade hawthorns, quinces, apples, and other Rose Family members, infecting them and often destroying their fruits.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 30'
Mature Spread: 15'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full to part sun
Soil Type: Adaptable
Eastern Redcedar is found throughout the Eastern United States, although in Ohio it predominates in the warmer southwestern quarter of the state where soils are more alkaline (or calcareous). It is the most common evergreen conifer found throughout the entire state, and it is valuable as a large shrub or small tree that will thrive where few other woody plants will grow. It is a pioneer invader of forests that have been clear-cut, fields that have been scraped of topsoil, lands that have been strip-mined, and gorges that have been filled with clay and rocks. It serves as an excellent windbreak and erosion control shrub in nature, and is often seen as one of the large evergreens in old cemeteries.
While also known as Cedar or Redcedar, this species is actually a type of Juniper, reaching a height of 30 feet and width of 15 feet when found in the open, although it is spire-like in youth. Its aromatic heartwood is lavendar-red in color, and is prized for making cedar chests, closet wood lining, cedar shavings, small carvings, pencils, and non-rotting fence posts. As a member of the Cypress Family, it is related to Arborvitae and False Cypress, and is representative of the many types of landscape Junipers it is closely related to that are upright shrubs, spreading shrubs, and groundcovers.
Planting Requirements - Eastern Redcedar tolerates just about any type of soil (fertile, sterile, clay, sandy, thin, or rocky) and non-wet moisture condition (very dry, dry, or moist but well-drained) and adapts well to neutral or acidic soils. It thrives and out-competes most other woody plants in rocky, alkaline, dry soils, especially in full sun to partial sun conditions with minimal soil fertility. It thrives on neglect, and is a good "cover crop" for recently cleared ground, helping to minimize long-term erosion on barren hillsides with its quick establishment under harsh conditions. It can also thrive in the smog, reflected light, and intense heat found in large cities. It grows in full sun to partial sun, and is found in zones 4 to 9.
Potential Problems - Eastern Redcedar, as a native tree, tends to be more healthy than most of the non-native landscape Junipers, but is occasionally susceptible to mites, midges, redcedar bark beetle, and especially bagworm. Tip dieback will occasionally be seen in severe drought summers, when the entire top may die due to lack of water (most commonly seen near rock outcrops). By far the most common pathogens seen on Redcedar are the rusts, where contorted brown and orange structures emerge from the foliage and may be mistaken for "strange fruits". While harmless to Redcedar, the rust spores that are released will invade hawthorns, quinces, apples, and other Rose Family members, infecting them and often destroying their fruits.
[Additional Info Here]
American Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis)
This deciduous shrub reaches a mature height and spread of 5-12 ft. and has white blooms from June to July. It grows in medium to wet, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. It tolerates a wide range of soils, but prefers moist, humusy ones. Elderberry spreads by root suckers to form colonies. Fruits are attractive to wildlife and are sometimes used to make jams, jellies, pie fillings, and wine. Attracts birds and butterflies.
This deciduous shrub reaches a mature height and spread of 5-12 ft. and has white blooms from June to July. It grows in medium to wet, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. It tolerates a wide range of soils, but prefers moist, humusy ones. Elderberry spreads by root suckers to form colonies. Fruits are attractive to wildlife and are sometimes used to make jams, jellies, pie fillings, and wine. Attracts birds and butterflies.
Butternut (Juglans cinerea)
Mature Height: 60'
Mature Spread: 50'
Growth Rate: Slow
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil Type: Deep, moist, rich, well-drained
Butternut, also known as White Walnut, this relative of Black Walnut is slower growing and much less frequently encountered than its well-known cousin. Butternut prefers moist bottomlands and ravines like Black Walnut, but its lightweight wood is beige-pink in color and is not nearly as sought-out for making veneer and furniture. Its kernel within the fruit gives it the common name of Butternut, as it is sweet and very oily. The Native Americans reportedly boiled the kernels to extract the oil, which was then used like butter. The kernels were also pickled in vinegar by the early settlers.
A native of the midwestern and northeastern United States, Butternut is found throughout Ohio, but is less common in the western part of the state. It may mature at 60 feet tall by 50 feet wide when it is found in the open. Although similar to Black Walnut in superficial appearance, its elongated nuts, hairy stems, and flattened, shiny ridges on mature trees make it recognizable as a different species. As a member of the Walnut Family, it is related other Walnuts and to the Hickories (including Pecan, another tree with sweet-tasting nuts).
Planting Requirements - Butternut prefers deep, moist, rich, well-drained soils under sunny conditions, especially the bottomlands of rivers and creeks. It also performs reasonably well in relatively dry, rocky soils, especially those with limestone outcrops in higher pH soils. Butternut grows in full sun to partial sun, and is found in zones 3 to 7.
Potential Problems - Butternut, like its cousin Black Walnut, produces the root chemical known as juglone, and drops its leaves prematurely due to late summer drought. However, this species of Walnut is very subject to a bark canker that causes twigs, branchlets, large limbs, and ultimately the entire tree to die. As a timber tree, it is no longer of significant value, but its elongated nuts are still prized for their sweet, buttery taste.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 60'
Mature Spread: 50'
Growth Rate: Slow
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil Type: Deep, moist, rich, well-drained
Butternut, also known as White Walnut, this relative of Black Walnut is slower growing and much less frequently encountered than its well-known cousin. Butternut prefers moist bottomlands and ravines like Black Walnut, but its lightweight wood is beige-pink in color and is not nearly as sought-out for making veneer and furniture. Its kernel within the fruit gives it the common name of Butternut, as it is sweet and very oily. The Native Americans reportedly boiled the kernels to extract the oil, which was then used like butter. The kernels were also pickled in vinegar by the early settlers.
A native of the midwestern and northeastern United States, Butternut is found throughout Ohio, but is less common in the western part of the state. It may mature at 60 feet tall by 50 feet wide when it is found in the open. Although similar to Black Walnut in superficial appearance, its elongated nuts, hairy stems, and flattened, shiny ridges on mature trees make it recognizable as a different species. As a member of the Walnut Family, it is related other Walnuts and to the Hickories (including Pecan, another tree with sweet-tasting nuts).
Planting Requirements - Butternut prefers deep, moist, rich, well-drained soils under sunny conditions, especially the bottomlands of rivers and creeks. It also performs reasonably well in relatively dry, rocky soils, especially those with limestone outcrops in higher pH soils. Butternut grows in full sun to partial sun, and is found in zones 3 to 7.
Potential Problems - Butternut, like its cousin Black Walnut, produces the root chemical known as juglone, and drops its leaves prematurely due to late summer drought. However, this species of Walnut is very subject to a bark canker that causes twigs, branchlets, large limbs, and ultimately the entire tree to die. As a timber tree, it is no longer of significant value, but its elongated nuts are still prized for their sweet, buttery taste.
[Additional Info Here]
Hazelnut (Corylus americana)
Mature Height: 15'
Mature Spread: 15'
Growth Rate: Medium to fast
Sunlight: Full to partial sun
Soil Type: Reasonable well-drained, variable pH, variable soil quality
Hazelnut, one of several related large shrubs known for their tasty nuts that provide food for humans or wildlife, is found throughout Ohio along roadsides, in fields, at the edges of forest, and in fencerows, in dry or moist sites. Also known as American Filbert or Hazel, it develops a broad, rounded, strongly suckering growth habit with age. Hybrids have been developed with European Filbert that combine its superior nut quality and yield with the cold hardiness of Hazelnut.
Hazelnut will reach dimensions of 15 feet tall and 15 feet wide, becoming arching and spreading with age, but new vertical suckers keep its middle interior canopy dense. As a member of the Birch Family, it is related to the Alders, Birches, Hornbeams, and Hophornbeams, in addition to other Hazelnuts and Filberts.
Planting Requirements - Hazelnut is very adaptable to moist or dry, reasonably well-drained soils of variable pH and variable soil quality. It is found in zones 4 to 9, in full sun to partial shade (best nut production occurs in full sun).
Potential Problems - Hazelnut has several diseases and pests that may affect its bark or foliage, but none are usually serious.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 15'
Mature Spread: 15'
Growth Rate: Medium to fast
Sunlight: Full to partial sun
Soil Type: Reasonable well-drained, variable pH, variable soil quality
Hazelnut, one of several related large shrubs known for their tasty nuts that provide food for humans or wildlife, is found throughout Ohio along roadsides, in fields, at the edges of forest, and in fencerows, in dry or moist sites. Also known as American Filbert or Hazel, it develops a broad, rounded, strongly suckering growth habit with age. Hybrids have been developed with European Filbert that combine its superior nut quality and yield with the cold hardiness of Hazelnut.
Hazelnut will reach dimensions of 15 feet tall and 15 feet wide, becoming arching and spreading with age, but new vertical suckers keep its middle interior canopy dense. As a member of the Birch Family, it is related to the Alders, Birches, Hornbeams, and Hophornbeams, in addition to other Hazelnuts and Filberts.
Planting Requirements - Hazelnut is very adaptable to moist or dry, reasonably well-drained soils of variable pH and variable soil quality. It is found in zones 4 to 9, in full sun to partial shade (best nut production occurs in full sun).
Potential Problems - Hazelnut has several diseases and pests that may affect its bark or foliage, but none are usually serious.
[Additional Info Here]
PawPaw (Asimina Triloba)
Mature Height: 25'
Mature Spread: 15'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full to partial sun
Soil Type: Deep, moist, rich, well-drained
Pawpaw is found throughout all of Ohio and most of the Eastern United States except for New England and much of Florida. It is a native understory or woodland edge tree, often found in moist places such as the bottoms of ravines, steep hillsides, and creek banks.
One tree often gives rise over the course of decades to a sprawling colony via its root system, which suckers several feet away from the parent tree.
This small tree is easily recognized by its large, tropical-looking foliage, and prized for its delicious fruits that mature in late summer. When found in the open, it may reach 25 feet tall and 15 feet wide as an individual tree. As a member of the Annona Family, it is related to other species of Pawpaw as well as other genera in this family (all tropical or subtropical in origin) and distantly related to the Magnolias and Tuliptree.
Planting Requirements - Pawpaw is somewhat exact in its requirements for successful growth. In youth, it requires shady sites to become established, as intense sunlight will harm the leaves of young trees. After several years, saplings can grow in partial sun to full sun, where the heaviest fruit crops will be realized and only if a genetically different strain of Pawpaw is planted nearby, for cross-pollination of the perfect flowers. Trees grown from separate seed sources or transplanted from different sites will eventually yield fruits, but those within a single colony will not, as they are all clones that cannot cross-pollinate and yield fruits.
Pawpaw strongly prefers soils of variable pH that are evenly moist but well-drained, deep, and rich (high in organic matter). It will tolerate drier soils with some degree of difficulty. Its root system is very coarse, so bare-root transplants should only be dug while dormant in late winter or early spring and transplanted immediately to a shady site. Trees dug as balled and burlapped specimens fare better, but should still be dug while dormant. Trees grown in containers from seeds are much more successful. Pawpaw grows in full sun as an adult tree (especially with supplemental irrigation, as is found in Pawpaw orchards) to full shade (as an understory tree under high-branched large trees) and is found in zones 5 to 8.
Potential Problems - Pawpaw is essentially free from diseases and pests. Its main problems involve re-establishment following transplant shock due to its sparse root system (see notes above) and fruit set as related to self-infertility. Get one or more genetically different pollinator trees.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 25'
Mature Spread: 15'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full to partial sun
Soil Type: Deep, moist, rich, well-drained
Pawpaw is found throughout all of Ohio and most of the Eastern United States except for New England and much of Florida. It is a native understory or woodland edge tree, often found in moist places such as the bottoms of ravines, steep hillsides, and creek banks.
One tree often gives rise over the course of decades to a sprawling colony via its root system, which suckers several feet away from the parent tree.
This small tree is easily recognized by its large, tropical-looking foliage, and prized for its delicious fruits that mature in late summer. When found in the open, it may reach 25 feet tall and 15 feet wide as an individual tree. As a member of the Annona Family, it is related to other species of Pawpaw as well as other genera in this family (all tropical or subtropical in origin) and distantly related to the Magnolias and Tuliptree.
Planting Requirements - Pawpaw is somewhat exact in its requirements for successful growth. In youth, it requires shady sites to become established, as intense sunlight will harm the leaves of young trees. After several years, saplings can grow in partial sun to full sun, where the heaviest fruit crops will be realized and only if a genetically different strain of Pawpaw is planted nearby, for cross-pollination of the perfect flowers. Trees grown from separate seed sources or transplanted from different sites will eventually yield fruits, but those within a single colony will not, as they are all clones that cannot cross-pollinate and yield fruits.
Pawpaw strongly prefers soils of variable pH that are evenly moist but well-drained, deep, and rich (high in organic matter). It will tolerate drier soils with some degree of difficulty. Its root system is very coarse, so bare-root transplants should only be dug while dormant in late winter or early spring and transplanted immediately to a shady site. Trees dug as balled and burlapped specimens fare better, but should still be dug while dormant. Trees grown in containers from seeds are much more successful. Pawpaw grows in full sun as an adult tree (especially with supplemental irrigation, as is found in Pawpaw orchards) to full shade (as an understory tree under high-branched large trees) and is found in zones 5 to 8.
Potential Problems - Pawpaw is essentially free from diseases and pests. Its main problems involve re-establishment following transplant shock due to its sparse root system (see notes above) and fruit set as related to self-infertility. Get one or more genetically different pollinator trees.
[Additional Info Here]
Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana)
Mature Height: 50'
Mature Spread: 30'
Growth Rate: Slow to medium
Sunlight: Full to partial sun
Soil Type: Moist, well-drained
Persimmon is native to the southern two-thirds of the eastern United States, with an east-west line across central Ohio representing the northernmost limit of its native range. It can be planted much farther north in terms of cold hardiness.
This tree is primarily known for its ripened fruits, when provide food for animals and humans alike in mid- to late autumn. It is also known as the tree that provides wood for some of the best wooden golf club heads and billiard cues that can be made; historically, the fine-grained wood was also used in the production of shuttles for the textile industry.
Persimmon may reach 50 feet tall by 30 feet wide when found in the open, sometimes with root suckers that cause it to form colonies or groves. As a member of the Ebony Family, it is related to other species in its genus (one produces ebony wood, another produces much larger persimmon fruits) and other genera in the family, most of which are tropical in origin.
Planting Requirements - Persimmon is quite adaptable to a variety of soil, moisture, and polluted conditions. It prefers moist, well-drained, average soils of various pH's, but easily adapts to poor, rocky, clay, sandy, or even organic soils of dry or moist constitution. It will not tolerate wet sites, but it can survive on thin soils or strip-mined soils. It is found in zones 4 to 9, in full sun to partial sun.
Potential Problems - Persimmon has relatively few diseases (leafspot on occasion) and pests. Aside from being slow-growing and with the potential in heavy fruiting years to create a sticky mess at the bottom of female trees, it has no liabilities.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 50'
Mature Spread: 30'
Growth Rate: Slow to medium
Sunlight: Full to partial sun
Soil Type: Moist, well-drained
Persimmon is native to the southern two-thirds of the eastern United States, with an east-west line across central Ohio representing the northernmost limit of its native range. It can be planted much farther north in terms of cold hardiness.
This tree is primarily known for its ripened fruits, when provide food for animals and humans alike in mid- to late autumn. It is also known as the tree that provides wood for some of the best wooden golf club heads and billiard cues that can be made; historically, the fine-grained wood was also used in the production of shuttles for the textile industry.
Persimmon may reach 50 feet tall by 30 feet wide when found in the open, sometimes with root suckers that cause it to form colonies or groves. As a member of the Ebony Family, it is related to other species in its genus (one produces ebony wood, another produces much larger persimmon fruits) and other genera in the family, most of which are tropical in origin.
Planting Requirements - Persimmon is quite adaptable to a variety of soil, moisture, and polluted conditions. It prefers moist, well-drained, average soils of various pH's, but easily adapts to poor, rocky, clay, sandy, or even organic soils of dry or moist constitution. It will not tolerate wet sites, but it can survive on thin soils or strip-mined soils. It is found in zones 4 to 9, in full sun to partial sun.
Potential Problems - Persimmon has relatively few diseases (leafspot on occasion) and pests. Aside from being slow-growing and with the potential in heavy fruiting years to create a sticky mess at the bottom of female trees, it has no liabilities.
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American Plum (Prunus americana)
Mature Height: 20'
Mature Spread: 25'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil Type: Moist, well-drained
American Plum, also known as Wild Plum, is present throughout all of Ohio, and is native to most of the eastern and central United States. Its white, pungently sweet blossoms emerge in early spring before the foliage breaks bud. It easily forms colonies and thickets in fields, fence rows, and along roadsides and woodland edges, where its suckers from roots and its germinated seeds create a mass planting similar in mounded appearance to that of wild Sumacs and Crabapples.
Its fruits are sweet when fully ripe, and make excellent jelly or jam due to their high pectin and high acid content. American Plum reaches 20 feet tall by 25 feet wide as an individual specimen under optimum conditions, but forms thickets of indeterminate width with time. As a member of the Rose Family, it is related to the Serviceberries, Chokeberries, Hawthorns, Crabapples, Cherries, Pears, and Roses, as well as other Plum species and hybrids.
Planting Requirements - American Plum, like many members of the Rose Family, is very adaptable to a wide variety of environmental conditions, including soils that are rich, average, poor, or rocky, and of acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH. This species likes moist, well-drained soils, tolerates drier soils, and thrives on neglect in full sun. American Plum is found in zones 3 to 8.
Potential Problems - American Plum, like all members of the Rose Family, is prone to a host of diseases and pests, which primarily affect the foliage and fruits.
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Mature Height: 20'
Mature Spread: 25'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil Type: Moist, well-drained
American Plum, also known as Wild Plum, is present throughout all of Ohio, and is native to most of the eastern and central United States. Its white, pungently sweet blossoms emerge in early spring before the foliage breaks bud. It easily forms colonies and thickets in fields, fence rows, and along roadsides and woodland edges, where its suckers from roots and its germinated seeds create a mass planting similar in mounded appearance to that of wild Sumacs and Crabapples.
Its fruits are sweet when fully ripe, and make excellent jelly or jam due to their high pectin and high acid content. American Plum reaches 20 feet tall by 25 feet wide as an individual specimen under optimum conditions, but forms thickets of indeterminate width with time. As a member of the Rose Family, it is related to the Serviceberries, Chokeberries, Hawthorns, Crabapples, Cherries, Pears, and Roses, as well as other Plum species and hybrids.
Planting Requirements - American Plum, like many members of the Rose Family, is very adaptable to a wide variety of environmental conditions, including soils that are rich, average, poor, or rocky, and of acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH. This species likes moist, well-drained soils, tolerates drier soils, and thrives on neglect in full sun. American Plum is found in zones 3 to 8.
Potential Problems - American Plum, like all members of the Rose Family, is prone to a host of diseases and pests, which primarily affect the foliage and fruits.
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Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
Mature Height: 50'
Mature Spread: 25'
Growth Rate: Aggressive
Sunlight: Full/part sun
Soil Type: Moist, deep, rich, well-drained, variable pH
Black Locust was once native to the southern Appalachian region of the Eastern United States, but has now spread throughout the world, including all of Ohio. It is valuable as an aggressive, rapidly growing invader species that controls erosion in road cuts, abandoned fields, strip-mined areas, logged forests, and fireswept areas. Initially colonizing by seeds, it also suckers from the roots, forming pure stands and snuffing out competitive weeds and woody plants. Trees of sufficient size are valued for their logs, which make fine fenceposts, poles, or railroad ties due to the anti-rotting properties of the olive-green wood.
Black Locust can quickly grow to 50 feet tall by 25 feet wide, when found in the open. However, high winds coupled with several diseases and pests often limit its potential height. As a member of the Bean Family, it is related to Redbud, Honeylocust, Kentucky Coffeetree, and Wisteria, as well as other Locusts.
Planting Requirements - Black Locust prefers soils that are rich, deep, moist, well-drained, and of variable pH, in full sun to partial sun. However, it is often found under poor soil conditions, especially soils that are thin and near limestone outcrops. It tolerates salts and other pollutants in its water (including strip mine runoff), salt spray on its bare bark in winter, and air pollution. It can grow almost anywhere in zones 4 to 8, provided that it is not near wet soils or shady conditions.
Potential Problems - Black Locust has a long list of potential pests (locust borer can be fatal, and leaf miner can make a tree aesthetically unpleasing by mid-summer) and pathogens (bark canker and trunk rot are the worst) that can make this tree unsightly, unhealthy, or in serious jeopardy on some occasions. In general, Black Locust as a colony survives to be a group of fairly sizable trees, unless the land on which it grows is cleared.
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Mature Height: 50'
Mature Spread: 25'
Growth Rate: Aggressive
Sunlight: Full/part sun
Soil Type: Moist, deep, rich, well-drained, variable pH
Black Locust was once native to the southern Appalachian region of the Eastern United States, but has now spread throughout the world, including all of Ohio. It is valuable as an aggressive, rapidly growing invader species that controls erosion in road cuts, abandoned fields, strip-mined areas, logged forests, and fireswept areas. Initially colonizing by seeds, it also suckers from the roots, forming pure stands and snuffing out competitive weeds and woody plants. Trees of sufficient size are valued for their logs, which make fine fenceposts, poles, or railroad ties due to the anti-rotting properties of the olive-green wood.
Black Locust can quickly grow to 50 feet tall by 25 feet wide, when found in the open. However, high winds coupled with several diseases and pests often limit its potential height. As a member of the Bean Family, it is related to Redbud, Honeylocust, Kentucky Coffeetree, and Wisteria, as well as other Locusts.
Planting Requirements - Black Locust prefers soils that are rich, deep, moist, well-drained, and of variable pH, in full sun to partial sun. However, it is often found under poor soil conditions, especially soils that are thin and near limestone outcrops. It tolerates salts and other pollutants in its water (including strip mine runoff), salt spray on its bare bark in winter, and air pollution. It can grow almost anywhere in zones 4 to 8, provided that it is not near wet soils or shady conditions.
Potential Problems - Black Locust has a long list of potential pests (locust borer can be fatal, and leaf miner can make a tree aesthetically unpleasing by mid-summer) and pathogens (bark canker and trunk rot are the worst) that can make this tree unsightly, unhealthy, or in serious jeopardy on some occasions. In general, Black Locust as a colony survives to be a group of fairly sizable trees, unless the land on which it grows is cleared.
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Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis)
Mature Height: 30'
Mature Spread: 10'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full sun to part shade
Soil Type: Moist, alkaline-adaptable
Redbud, also known as Eastern Redbud or Judas Tree, is abundant in the southern two-thirds of Ohio, with scattered distribution in the northern one-third of the state . It heralds the arrival of spring with its showy, lavendar-pink flowers that typically open in April, long before the foliage emerges.
Redbud is a native of the entire eastern half of the United States except for New England, but is not found in Canada, as its scientific name implies.
This ornamental tree is rapidly growing and usually multitrunked in the wild, having a vase shape with a rounded crown that reaches about 20 feet tall and 20 feet wide at maturity, when found in the open. However, since it is often located at the edge of woodlands, it commonly has a leaning growth habit, trying to grow into as much sunlight as possible.
As a member of the Bean Family, Redbud is also related to Honeylocust, Kentucky Coffeetree, Black Locust, and Wisteria, as well as other types of Redbuds. The Bean Family is also known as the Legume, Pea, or Pulse Family, and may go by the alternative scientific family name of Leguminosae. Many of this family's members are important vegetable crops as well as ornamental plants.
Planting Requirements - Redbud prefers deep, moist, organic, well-drained soils, but adapts to many less-than-favorable soils of either acidic or alkaline pH as long as they are not wet. It grows most rapidly and flowers most prolifically in full sun if adequate moisture is available during the heat of summer, but it is often found in partial sun to partial shade in nature. It can grow in zones 4 to 9, but occurs naturally in zones 5 to 9.
Potential Problems - Redbud grows rapidly and often lives about twenty years before it begins to decline or die, especially in urban situations where poorly drained, heavy clay soils predominate.
Trunk canker is a serious disease of Redbud and is evident as sunken depressions in the bark of large branches or trunks, which often begin to heal before the tree eventually dies. Verticillium wilt and root rot are two additional, serious pathogens that affect the roots often due to wet soils but become evident as entire branches rapidly die. Some pests such as scales may also cause problems, but the tree diseases cited above wreak havoc on Redbud and limit its lifespan.
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Mature Height: 30'
Mature Spread: 10'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full sun to part shade
Soil Type: Moist, alkaline-adaptable
Redbud, also known as Eastern Redbud or Judas Tree, is abundant in the southern two-thirds of Ohio, with scattered distribution in the northern one-third of the state . It heralds the arrival of spring with its showy, lavendar-pink flowers that typically open in April, long before the foliage emerges.
Redbud is a native of the entire eastern half of the United States except for New England, but is not found in Canada, as its scientific name implies.
This ornamental tree is rapidly growing and usually multitrunked in the wild, having a vase shape with a rounded crown that reaches about 20 feet tall and 20 feet wide at maturity, when found in the open. However, since it is often located at the edge of woodlands, it commonly has a leaning growth habit, trying to grow into as much sunlight as possible.
As a member of the Bean Family, Redbud is also related to Honeylocust, Kentucky Coffeetree, Black Locust, and Wisteria, as well as other types of Redbuds. The Bean Family is also known as the Legume, Pea, or Pulse Family, and may go by the alternative scientific family name of Leguminosae. Many of this family's members are important vegetable crops as well as ornamental plants.
Planting Requirements - Redbud prefers deep, moist, organic, well-drained soils, but adapts to many less-than-favorable soils of either acidic or alkaline pH as long as they are not wet. It grows most rapidly and flowers most prolifically in full sun if adequate moisture is available during the heat of summer, but it is often found in partial sun to partial shade in nature. It can grow in zones 4 to 9, but occurs naturally in zones 5 to 9.
Potential Problems - Redbud grows rapidly and often lives about twenty years before it begins to decline or die, especially in urban situations where poorly drained, heavy clay soils predominate.
Trunk canker is a serious disease of Redbud and is evident as sunken depressions in the bark of large branches or trunks, which often begin to heal before the tree eventually dies. Verticillium wilt and root rot are two additional, serious pathogens that affect the roots often due to wet soils but become evident as entire branches rapidly die. Some pests such as scales may also cause problems, but the tree diseases cited above wreak havoc on Redbud and limit its lifespan.
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Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)
This small, native tree has a mature height of 25-30 ft. Small, creamy-white, urn-shaped, fragrant flowers are borne in 4-10 inch long panicles in June to early July. The rich, iridescent green leaves turn vibrant yellow, purple, and red in fall. The sourwood grows in acidic, loamy, moist, sandy, well-drained, or clay soils. Prefers full sun and normal moisture but has some drought tolerance. Excellent native ornamental tree with four season attributes. Late season bloom.
This small, native tree has a mature height of 25-30 ft. Small, creamy-white, urn-shaped, fragrant flowers are borne in 4-10 inch long panicles in June to early July. The rich, iridescent green leaves turn vibrant yellow, purple, and red in fall. The sourwood grows in acidic, loamy, moist, sandy, well-drained, or clay soils. Prefers full sun and normal moisture but has some drought tolerance. Excellent native ornamental tree with four season attributes. Late season bloom.
Tulip (Yellow) Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Mature Height: 80'
Mature Spread: 40'
Growth Rate: Rapid
Sunlight: Full to part sun
Soil Type: Moist, well-drained, slightly acidic, deep, rich
Tuliptree, found throughout all of Ohio, is named for the appearance of its showy flowers and the silhouette of its large leaves, both of which resemble tulips. It is also known as Tulip Poplar and Yellow Poplar, in reference to the fluttering of its leaves like those of the Poplars, and for the yellow colors of both its flowers and fall foliage.
Tuliptree is the tallest tree of eastern forests with the straightest trunks, achieving heights of well over 100 feet with 4 foot diameters, when not prematurely harvested. It frequents moist woodlands and edges of fields, especially on downslopes where water drains. Its lightweight wood, often used as a base for veneer, is straight-grained, relatively soft for a hardwood, and has a faded olive-green color.
Native throughout most of the Eastern United States, it quickly reaches a height of 80 feet and a breadth of 40 feet, but it can grow much taller. As a member of the Magnolia Family, it is related to the Magnolias (including Cucumbertree) and the only other Tuliptree (Chinese Tuliptree).
Planting Requirements - Tuliptree prefers moist but well-drained, slightly acidic, deep, rich soils, but adapts to average, drier soils of neutral to alkaline pH. It is one of the fastest growing shade trees, achieving leaps of two to three feet per year in youth, when it has a symmetrical, pyramidal outline. As with all members of the Magnolia Family, it is fleshy-rooted without many root hairs, and prefers being transplanted in early spring, rather than autumn. It grows in full sun to partial sun, and is found in zones 4 to 9.
Potential Problems - Tuliptree has one significant pest (aphids), which chew on new growth and secrete a sticky substance (known as honeydew) on the leaves, which serves as food for a sooty mold, rendering the leaves blackened with fungus and unattractive, but not harmed.
Diseases that afflict Tuliptree include Verticillium wilt, root rot, and trunk canker. Tuliptree is one of the most common trees (the Birches as a group are another) that serve as "drought indicators" by dropping their yellowing interior leaves when their soil becomes too dry during summer drought. This is simply how they cope with drought, by cutting down on the number of transpiring "water leaks."
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 80'
Mature Spread: 40'
Growth Rate: Rapid
Sunlight: Full to part sun
Soil Type: Moist, well-drained, slightly acidic, deep, rich
Tuliptree, found throughout all of Ohio, is named for the appearance of its showy flowers and the silhouette of its large leaves, both of which resemble tulips. It is also known as Tulip Poplar and Yellow Poplar, in reference to the fluttering of its leaves like those of the Poplars, and for the yellow colors of both its flowers and fall foliage.
Tuliptree is the tallest tree of eastern forests with the straightest trunks, achieving heights of well over 100 feet with 4 foot diameters, when not prematurely harvested. It frequents moist woodlands and edges of fields, especially on downslopes where water drains. Its lightweight wood, often used as a base for veneer, is straight-grained, relatively soft for a hardwood, and has a faded olive-green color.
Native throughout most of the Eastern United States, it quickly reaches a height of 80 feet and a breadth of 40 feet, but it can grow much taller. As a member of the Magnolia Family, it is related to the Magnolias (including Cucumbertree) and the only other Tuliptree (Chinese Tuliptree).
Planting Requirements - Tuliptree prefers moist but well-drained, slightly acidic, deep, rich soils, but adapts to average, drier soils of neutral to alkaline pH. It is one of the fastest growing shade trees, achieving leaps of two to three feet per year in youth, when it has a symmetrical, pyramidal outline. As with all members of the Magnolia Family, it is fleshy-rooted without many root hairs, and prefers being transplanted in early spring, rather than autumn. It grows in full sun to partial sun, and is found in zones 4 to 9.
Potential Problems - Tuliptree has one significant pest (aphids), which chew on new growth and secrete a sticky substance (known as honeydew) on the leaves, which serves as food for a sooty mold, rendering the leaves blackened with fungus and unattractive, but not harmed.
Diseases that afflict Tuliptree include Verticillium wilt, root rot, and trunk canker. Tuliptree is one of the most common trees (the Birches as a group are another) that serve as "drought indicators" by dropping their yellowing interior leaves when their soil becomes too dry during summer drought. This is simply how they cope with drought, by cutting down on the number of transpiring "water leaks."
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American Chestnut (Castanea dantate)
Mature Height: 80'
Mature Spread: 60'
Growth Rate: Slow to medium
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil Type: Moist, deep, acidic
American Chestnut was once a climax forest tree in the Oak-Chestnut dry woodlands of the eastern United States, but since the recognition of the Chestnut blight in1904 in New York, the entire forest population has been destroyed. Most of the intact, living trees in the wild were gone by the 1950s, and all that remains today are a few stump sprouts that still linger (attaining heights of about 25 feet before they succumb to the fungus). Breeding programs that have introduced resistance genes from Japanese and Chinese Chestnuts into moderately resistant strains of American Chestnut have met with some success, but the ultimate goal of large scale re-introduction into forests will not occur for some time, if ever.
In Ohio, the central counties of the state on a north-south line marked the most westward boundary of the American Chestnut habitat in the state. American Chestnut was predominately located in the eastern half of Ohio, where the soils are more acidic. Its nuts were a staple food of the Native Americans and pioneers, while its wood was harvested for the production of furniture, musical instruments, caskets, crates, and tannin. Dimensions of 80 feet tall by 60 feet wide were regularly obtained when it was located in the open. As a member of the Beech Family, it is related to the Oaks and the Beeches, in addition to other Chestnuts.
Planting Requirements - American Chestnut is still undergoing extensive breeding to allow its re-introduction as a tree that can not only survive the Chestnut blight fungus and yield large quantities of tasty nuts, but that can successfully compete in dry forests and re-establish itself as a climax forest tree. American Chestnuts found in the wild are primarily stump sprouts that will eventually die. Seedlings obtained from breeding programs are carefully planted and monitored under controlled conditions. From a historical (and perhaps future) perspective, the traditional American Chestnut prefers moist, deep, acidic soils in full sun (being shade tolerant in youth), but thrives in dry, rocky soils. It is found in zones 4 to 8.
Potential Problems - Chestnut blight (Endothia parasitica) is the only problem worth mentioning - any and all others pale by comparison. However, young trees from the few remaining stump sprouts (top photo) are resistant to the fungus for a number of years, even in some cases to the point of being able to bear fruits before becoming infected and dying.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 80'
Mature Spread: 60'
Growth Rate: Slow to medium
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil Type: Moist, deep, acidic
American Chestnut was once a climax forest tree in the Oak-Chestnut dry woodlands of the eastern United States, but since the recognition of the Chestnut blight in1904 in New York, the entire forest population has been destroyed. Most of the intact, living trees in the wild were gone by the 1950s, and all that remains today are a few stump sprouts that still linger (attaining heights of about 25 feet before they succumb to the fungus). Breeding programs that have introduced resistance genes from Japanese and Chinese Chestnuts into moderately resistant strains of American Chestnut have met with some success, but the ultimate goal of large scale re-introduction into forests will not occur for some time, if ever.
In Ohio, the central counties of the state on a north-south line marked the most westward boundary of the American Chestnut habitat in the state. American Chestnut was predominately located in the eastern half of Ohio, where the soils are more acidic. Its nuts were a staple food of the Native Americans and pioneers, while its wood was harvested for the production of furniture, musical instruments, caskets, crates, and tannin. Dimensions of 80 feet tall by 60 feet wide were regularly obtained when it was located in the open. As a member of the Beech Family, it is related to the Oaks and the Beeches, in addition to other Chestnuts.
Planting Requirements - American Chestnut is still undergoing extensive breeding to allow its re-introduction as a tree that can not only survive the Chestnut blight fungus and yield large quantities of tasty nuts, but that can successfully compete in dry forests and re-establish itself as a climax forest tree. American Chestnuts found in the wild are primarily stump sprouts that will eventually die. Seedlings obtained from breeding programs are carefully planted and monitored under controlled conditions. From a historical (and perhaps future) perspective, the traditional American Chestnut prefers moist, deep, acidic soils in full sun (being shade tolerant in youth), but thrives in dry, rocky soils. It is found in zones 4 to 8.
Potential Problems - Chestnut blight (Endothia parasitica) is the only problem worth mentioning - any and all others pale by comparison. However, young trees from the few remaining stump sprouts (top photo) are resistant to the fungus for a number of years, even in some cases to the point of being able to bear fruits before becoming infected and dying.
[Additional Info Here]
Shellbark Hickory (Carya laciniosa)
Mature Height: 80'
Mature Spread: 40'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full to partial sun
Soil Type: Moist to occasionally wet, rich
Shellbark Hickory, a slow-growing but potentially massive tree scattered throughout Ohio, is often found in moist bottomlands where Shagbark Hickory usually does not grow. Like other hickories, its heavy, dense, strong, yet elastic wood is sought after for making tool handles, athletic equipment, furniture, construction timbers, and firewood, and its wood chips are utilized in the smoking of meats. Its sweet, huge nuts are relished by squirrels and give it an alternative common name of King Nut Hickory, due to their being the largest of the hickories.
A native to the Midwestern United States and stretching into portions of the southern, eastern, and Great Plains states, Shellbark Hickory is a climax forest tree in moist soils, particularly along flood plains and bottomland areas. It grows to 80 feet tall by 40 feet wide when found in the open. As a member of the Walnut Family, it is related to other Hickories and the Walnuts.
Planting Requirements - Shellbark Hickory prefers deep, moist to occasionally wet, rich soils under sunny conditions, such as are found in bottomlands, flatlands that do not drain quickly, and floodplains. It tolerates shade in its youth, when it is stretching for sunlight beneath the canopy of taller trees, and develops its deep taproot system. Like other Hickories, it is very tolerant of summer drought, even though it prefers moist conditions. It is found in zones 5 to 8.
Potential Problems - Shellbark Hickory is virtually disease- and pest-free, although its leaflets become frayed by late summer due to minor pest feeding. However, it sends down a constant rain of leaflets, rachises, dead twigs, immature fruits, husks, and debris from squirrel feeding from mid-summer until late autumn, presenting a constant clean-up chore and mowing hazard when it is found in urban area.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 80'
Mature Spread: 40'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full to partial sun
Soil Type: Moist to occasionally wet, rich
Shellbark Hickory, a slow-growing but potentially massive tree scattered throughout Ohio, is often found in moist bottomlands where Shagbark Hickory usually does not grow. Like other hickories, its heavy, dense, strong, yet elastic wood is sought after for making tool handles, athletic equipment, furniture, construction timbers, and firewood, and its wood chips are utilized in the smoking of meats. Its sweet, huge nuts are relished by squirrels and give it an alternative common name of King Nut Hickory, due to their being the largest of the hickories.
A native to the Midwestern United States and stretching into portions of the southern, eastern, and Great Plains states, Shellbark Hickory is a climax forest tree in moist soils, particularly along flood plains and bottomland areas. It grows to 80 feet tall by 40 feet wide when found in the open. As a member of the Walnut Family, it is related to other Hickories and the Walnuts.
Planting Requirements - Shellbark Hickory prefers deep, moist to occasionally wet, rich soils under sunny conditions, such as are found in bottomlands, flatlands that do not drain quickly, and floodplains. It tolerates shade in its youth, when it is stretching for sunlight beneath the canopy of taller trees, and develops its deep taproot system. Like other Hickories, it is very tolerant of summer drought, even though it prefers moist conditions. It is found in zones 5 to 8.
Potential Problems - Shellbark Hickory is virtually disease- and pest-free, although its leaflets become frayed by late summer due to minor pest feeding. However, it sends down a constant rain of leaflets, rachises, dead twigs, immature fruits, husks, and debris from squirrel feeding from mid-summer until late autumn, presenting a constant clean-up chore and mowing hazard when it is found in urban area.
[Additional Info Here]
Common Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
Mature Height: 80'
Mature Spread: 60'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil Type: Moist, well-drained, deep, variable pH
Hackberry, also known as Common Hackberry, Northern Hackberry, or American Hackberry, is present throughout the upper half of the eastern United States, the Great Plains, and southern Canada, including almost all of Ohio. It is a tree that frequents fencerows, fields, and wastelands, and grows naturally near bodies of water, including floodplains and drainage ditches. It is easily recognizable from a distance by its light gray, warty bark on massive trunks, coupled with its rapid growth rate and large size.
It easily grows to 80 feet tall by 60 feet wide when found growing in the open, often with a single trunk that quickly branches into several spreading huge branches that form an ascending or spreading canopy. As a member of the Elm Family, it is related to the Elms and other Hackberries.
Planting Requirements - Hackberry prefers but can adapt to a variety of sites, including soils that are wet or dry, clay or rocky, rich or poor. It performs well emerging from limestone outcrops, although its growth will be slower and its size diminished. It is also very pollution tolerant, as it thrives in the smog and dirty water runoff of cities.
Potential Problems - Hackberry has a host of foliar and twig diseases, all of which are cosmetic in nature (ugly, but not life-threatening). These include nipple gall and powdery mildew (affecting foliage) and witches' broom (clusters of twiggy growth, looking similar to the effects of Sycamore anthracnose). Chlorosis can occur in high pH soils on occasion. In many urban situations, Hackberry is a tree that may invade sites as an "uninvited guest" and is allowed to remain until it gets to be too big of a problem to ignore any longer (rather like Tree-of-Heaven, Boxelder, Common Buckthorn, Amur Honeysuckle, and other woody "weeds").
Its medium growth rate makes it a good candidate for areas in need of erosion control or quick shade. As a tree for tough sites, it has a rather coarse appearance and large ultimate size that discourages its usage as an intended landscape shade tree, but several cultivars are in limited usage with a more refined branching structure and leaf appearance. It is found in zones 3 to 9, growing in full sun.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 80'
Mature Spread: 60'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full sun
Soil Type: Moist, well-drained, deep, variable pH
Hackberry, also known as Common Hackberry, Northern Hackberry, or American Hackberry, is present throughout the upper half of the eastern United States, the Great Plains, and southern Canada, including almost all of Ohio. It is a tree that frequents fencerows, fields, and wastelands, and grows naturally near bodies of water, including floodplains and drainage ditches. It is easily recognizable from a distance by its light gray, warty bark on massive trunks, coupled with its rapid growth rate and large size.
It easily grows to 80 feet tall by 60 feet wide when found growing in the open, often with a single trunk that quickly branches into several spreading huge branches that form an ascending or spreading canopy. As a member of the Elm Family, it is related to the Elms and other Hackberries.
Planting Requirements - Hackberry prefers but can adapt to a variety of sites, including soils that are wet or dry, clay or rocky, rich or poor. It performs well emerging from limestone outcrops, although its growth will be slower and its size diminished. It is also very pollution tolerant, as it thrives in the smog and dirty water runoff of cities.
Potential Problems - Hackberry has a host of foliar and twig diseases, all of which are cosmetic in nature (ugly, but not life-threatening). These include nipple gall and powdery mildew (affecting foliage) and witches' broom (clusters of twiggy growth, looking similar to the effects of Sycamore anthracnose). Chlorosis can occur in high pH soils on occasion. In many urban situations, Hackberry is a tree that may invade sites as an "uninvited guest" and is allowed to remain until it gets to be too big of a problem to ignore any longer (rather like Tree-of-Heaven, Boxelder, Common Buckthorn, Amur Honeysuckle, and other woody "weeds").
Its medium growth rate makes it a good candidate for areas in need of erosion control or quick shade. As a tree for tough sites, it has a rather coarse appearance and large ultimate size that discourages its usage as an intended landscape shade tree, but several cultivars are in limited usage with a more refined branching structure and leaf appearance. It is found in zones 3 to 9, growing in full sun.
[Additional Info Here]
Shadblow Serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis)
This early flowering tree has showy white blooms in April through May. At maturity it has a height of 25-30 ft. and spread of 15-20 ft. It prefers full sun to part shade and is easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soil. Blooming in late spring or early summer, this flowering shrub/tree provides a site for early pollinating insects. It is also used as a food source by songbirds, squirrels, bears, and other woodland wildlife.
This early flowering tree has showy white blooms in April through May. At maturity it has a height of 25-30 ft. and spread of 15-20 ft. It prefers full sun to part shade and is easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soil. Blooming in late spring or early summer, this flowering shrub/tree provides a site for early pollinating insects. It is also used as a food source by songbirds, squirrels, bears, and other woodland wildlife.
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum)
Mature Height: 10'
Mature Spread: 10'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full sun to part shade
Soil Type: Moist to wet, various composition and pH
Silky Dogwood represents a group of shrub Dogwoods native to Ohio (including Alternate-Leaf Dogwood, Roughleaf Dogwood, Gray Dogwood, and Bloodtwig Dogwood) that have a strongly multistemmed growth habit and are always found in nature as a shrub rather than a tree. The vigorous growth of Silky Dogwood is optimized in moist to wet sites, but it adapts readily to dry soil conditions in fields and fencerows as well. Colorful summer fruits offer its best ornamental and wildlife asset, while its thin twigs of winter cast a reddish-purple hue to the landscape. Silky Dogwood, found throughout all of Ohio, grows to 10 feet tall and 10 feet wide under optimum conditions as a single specimen, although suckering may add to its width over time. As a member of the Dogwood Family, it is related to the many other species of Dogwoods, and distantly related to Black Tupelo.
Planting Requirements - Silky Dogwood prefers moist to wet sites in soils of various composition and pH. It adapts to dry soils, poor soils, or soils that are wet in winter and spring, and dry in summer and autumn. It is found in zones 4 to 8, in full sun to partial shade.
Potential Problems - Silky Dogwood can be infected or infested by a number of diseases and pests that frequent both the shrub and tree Dogwoods; however, this species is generally free of problems. In an urban situation, Silky Dogwood with time may become wider for its intended space than was originally intended.
[Additional Info Here]
Mature Height: 10'
Mature Spread: 10'
Growth Rate: Medium
Sunlight: Full sun to part shade
Soil Type: Moist to wet, various composition and pH
Silky Dogwood represents a group of shrub Dogwoods native to Ohio (including Alternate-Leaf Dogwood, Roughleaf Dogwood, Gray Dogwood, and Bloodtwig Dogwood) that have a strongly multistemmed growth habit and are always found in nature as a shrub rather than a tree. The vigorous growth of Silky Dogwood is optimized in moist to wet sites, but it adapts readily to dry soil conditions in fields and fencerows as well. Colorful summer fruits offer its best ornamental and wildlife asset, while its thin twigs of winter cast a reddish-purple hue to the landscape. Silky Dogwood, found throughout all of Ohio, grows to 10 feet tall and 10 feet wide under optimum conditions as a single specimen, although suckering may add to its width over time. As a member of the Dogwood Family, it is related to the many other species of Dogwoods, and distantly related to Black Tupelo.
Planting Requirements - Silky Dogwood prefers moist to wet sites in soils of various composition and pH. It adapts to dry soils, poor soils, or soils that are wet in winter and spring, and dry in summer and autumn. It is found in zones 4 to 8, in full sun to partial shade.
Potential Problems - Silky Dogwood can be infected or infested by a number of diseases and pests that frequent both the shrub and tree Dogwoods; however, this species is generally free of problems. In an urban situation, Silky Dogwood with time may become wider for its intended space than was originally intended.
[Additional Info Here]
Dwarf Belle of Georgia Peach
The Belle of Georgia peach is an old-time favorite that produces brilliant red flowers each spring and large fruit in late August. The peaches are very firm and highly flavored, with creamy white freestone flesh tinged with red. While excellent for fresh eating, the fruit is widely used for desserts and canning. This fast growing, dwarf variety grows to a mature height of 8-10 ft. Full sun is ideal and grows best in sandy, well-drained soils. It is not drought-tolerant. It is self-fertile but should be planted in multiples.
The Belle of Georgia peach is an old-time favorite that produces brilliant red flowers each spring and large fruit in late August. The peaches are very firm and highly flavored, with creamy white freestone flesh tinged with red. While excellent for fresh eating, the fruit is widely used for desserts and canning. This fast growing, dwarf variety grows to a mature height of 8-10 ft. Full sun is ideal and grows best in sandy, well-drained soils. It is not drought-tolerant. It is self-fertile but should be planted in multiples.
Dwarf Stayman Winesap/Yellow Delicous Apple
The Stayman Winesap Apple is a lovely combination of tart and sweet, and has been popular since the days of the pioneers. They store well and can be used to make applesauce, pies, cider and are a good eating fruit. The Yellow Delicious Apple is a large, golden fruit with a fine, sweet flavor. While they are best known as fresh-eating apples, they also work well for pies, applesauce, and preserves. These dwarf varieties will ultimately have a height and spread of about 10 ft. They grow best in full sun and moist, well-drained soils. Neither species is drought tolerant.
The Stayman Winesap Apple is a lovely combination of tart and sweet, and has been popular since the days of the pioneers. They store well and can be used to make applesauce, pies, cider and are a good eating fruit. The Yellow Delicious Apple is a large, golden fruit with a fine, sweet flavor. While they are best known as fresh-eating apples, they also work well for pies, applesauce, and preserves. These dwarf varieties will ultimately have a height and spread of about 10 ft. They grow best in full sun and moist, well-drained soils. Neither species is drought tolerant.
Shiitake Mushroom
(1 kit) Delicious mushrooms that have brown, slightly convex caps that range from about 2-4 inches in diameter. Kit contains 200 inoculated shiitake dowel plugs, 1/4lb. bees wax, wax dauber, 5 metal tags for labeling and an easy to follow growers guide. Each kit will plug approximately 10 logs 3 inches in diameter and 40 inches long. Logs not included.
(1 kit) Delicious mushrooms that have brown, slightly convex caps that range from about 2-4 inches in diameter. Kit contains 200 inoculated shiitake dowel plugs, 1/4lb. bees wax, wax dauber, 5 metal tags for labeling and an easy to follow growers guide. Each kit will plug approximately 10 logs 3 inches in diameter and 40 inches long. Logs not included.
Seed Mixes
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Erosion Control Seed Mix
(2 lb. bag) A blend of Birdsfoot Trefoil, Timothy, Tall Fescue, Annual Ryegrass, Alsike Clover, and Red Top. Excellent substitute for crownvetch. For severe erosion control measures. Covers 2000 sq. ft. Wildlife Food Plot Seed Mix Create Food Plots for Wildlife! (25 lb. bag) Plant this mixture of sorghum, millet, soybeans, field pea, sunflower, buckwheat, and foxtail to provide a supplemental food supply for wildlife. This mixture is an excellent choice for the conservation-minded landowner who wants to attract wildlife. Covers ½ acre. |
Showy Northeast Native Wildflower & Grass Mix
(1 oz. packet) A mix of native wildflowers and prairie grasses that will provide a wonderful display of color from spring through summer. This full sun/part shade mixture contains drought resistant species that attain an average height of 2-3 ft. Excellent for native meadows and wildflower patches. Covers 200 sq. ft. Mix contains (subject to change): Big Bluestem, Virginia Wildrye, Sideoats Grama, Indian grass, Partridge Pea, Black-eyed Susan, Ohio Spiderwort, Tall White Beardtongue, Marsh Blazing Star, Wild Senna, Oxeye Sunflower, Autumn Bentgrass, Zigzag Aster, Hairy Beardtongue, New England Aster, Butterfly milkweed, Wild Bergamot, Orange Coneflower, Maryland Senna, Blue False Indigo, and Early Goldenrod. |
Pollinator Seed Mixes
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Created by Pheasants Forever, these seed mixes have been designed by wildlife professionals to provide diverse high-quality long-lasting wildlife habitat, meet Ohio Department of Agriculture standards and exceed NRCS conservation standards. Both of these seed mixes meet criteria set forth by Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) for Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) practice - Establishment of pollinator and/or beneficial insect habitat. In addition they also meet criteria set forth by Farm Service Agency (FSA) for Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) practice CP42 - Pollinator Habitat. If you are purchasing seed for either of these programs, please be sure to follow all Standards and Specifications as directed from NRCS and/or FSA. Seed sold in 1/2 acre increments. Quantity listed is pure live seed (PLS).
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Ohio Pollinator Seed Mix
Little Bluestem, Sideoats Grama, Switchgrass, Black-eyed Susan, Brown-eyed Susan, Culver’s Root, False Sunflower, Yellow Coneflower, Illinois Bundleflower, Lanceleaf Coreopsis, New England Aster, Partridge Pea, Purple Coneflower, Stiff Goldenrod, Wild Bergamot, Alsike Clover, Crimson Clover, Ladino Clover, Annual Lespedeza, Butterfly Milkweed, Common Milkweed, and Swamp Milkweed. Ohio Pollinator (NO GRASSES) Seed Mix Black-eyed Susan, Brown-eyed Susan, Culver’s Root, False Sunflower, Yellow Coneflower, Illinois Bundleflower, Lanceleaf Coreopsis, New England Aster, Partridge Pea, Purple Coneflower, Stiff Goldenrod, Wild Bergamot, Alsike Clover, Crimson Clover, Ladino Clover, Annual Lespedeza, Butterfly Milkweed, Common Milkweed, and Swamp Milkweed. |
Groundcover
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Wild Ginger (Asarum candensis)
This native spring wildflower is usually grown in woodland gardens, native plant gardens or used as edging in landscapes. Easily grown in a variety of soil types in part shade to full shade. Spreads slowly by rhizomes. Height is 4-8 inches at maturity. Plant 8-12 inches apart. 25 bulbs per packet. Partridge Berry (Mitchella reptans) A mat-forming, evergreen groundcover that displays interesting foliage, flowers and fruit. Tolerates heavy shade and dry conditions. Height is 2 inches at maturity. Plant 8-12 inches apart. 25 bulbs per packet. |
Wild Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)
With a mature height of 2-3 ft, this native wildflower has a light pink/yellow to blood red/yellow flower that blooms April to May. It tolerates a wide range of soil conditions as long a drainage is good. Can be planted in full sun to part shade. Freely self-seeds and will naturalize to form large colonies in optimum growing conditions. |
Wildlife Boxes
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Bat House
Bats play an essential role in keeping populations of night-flying insects in balance; one bat can catch hundreds of insects per hour! They are the primary predators of beetles, moths, leafhoppers, mosquitoes, and other insects. Installing this cedar bat house on your property will provide roosting locations for these nocturnal mammals. |
Eastern Bluebird Box
Landlords wanted! Attract bluebirds to your property! Bluebirds readily accept nesting boxes to raise their young. Ideal bluebird habitat is a mix of scattered trees and open grasslands including short, mowed, or grazed grass. These cedar nest boxes should be placed at least 300 ft. apart. Contact the District for more information on bluebirds. |
Tree Supplies
Tree Marking Flags - Can purchase individually or in bundles of 100
30 inch high metal stake with a 4 x 5 inch pink or orange flag. Perfect for marking those newly planted trees, shrubs, and groundcover.
30 inch high metal stake with a 4 x 5 inch pink or orange flag. Perfect for marking those newly planted trees, shrubs, and groundcover.
Weed Wand Magic
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The perfect accessory for fighting invasive species - no spray, no drift, no waste! Ideal for quick, easy and targeted spot application of herbicide directly on weeds or stumps! Its lightweight design prevents the need to bend over - simply push down on the tube to precisely apply the desired amount of herbicide. Each wand also comes with a three pack of replacement tips.
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Pickaway SWCD, 110 Island Rd., Suite D, Circleville, Ohio 43113, T: 740-477-1693 F: 740-477-3327